In learning a language, we follow the advice that
practice makes perfect, and patience is a helpful virtue.
practice makes perfect, and patience is a helpful virtue.
The world can be your classroom—through home or
school.
Explore these options to find strategies of learning and using a language that match your interests, strengths and challenges. Use the Internet and technology as an environment to make your tasks fun and interesting.
Explore these options to find strategies of learning and using a language that match your interests, strengths and challenges. Use the Internet and technology as an environment to make your tasks fun and interesting.
Skills include listening, speaking, memorization,
reading, writing, and test taking. At the beginning memorization and repetition
are important, but do not be discouraged if you seem to go too slowly.
Listening and
understanding
·
Practice listening!
Infants “listen” for more than a year before they can say anything close to “mom” or “dad”.
Watch videos and listen to music in your language, download Internet files with “speech” in the language. Try to recognize words, even sounds. Don’t bother trying to understand, just get used to the sound of the language.
Infants “listen” for more than a year before they can say anything close to “mom” or “dad”.
Watch videos and listen to music in your language, download Internet files with “speech” in the language. Try to recognize words, even sounds. Don’t bother trying to understand, just get used to the sound of the language.
·
Use the language lab.
Prepare yourself by reading exercises, then put them aside and listen.
Only speak or write when asked to.
Prepare yourself by reading exercises, then put them aside and listen.
Only speak or write when asked to.
·
When others in class speak,
listen for what they say and mentally build images of their answers—in the language itself.
listen for what they say and mentally build images of their answers—in the language itself.
·
Listen while a tutor or friend reads to
you—
maybe even something as simple as a children’s book.
maybe even something as simple as a children’s book.
·
Make friend with a native speaker and
practice!
Practicing listening when learning a
language
an essential component to both understanding and reproducing sounds,
as well as the rhythm, accent and inflections of speech.
Not everyone has access to a native speaker, class or lab--
but your desktop, laptop and handheld technologies can help.
an essential component to both understanding and reproducing sounds,
as well as the rhythm, accent and inflections of speech.
Not everyone has access to a native speaker, class or lab--
but your desktop, laptop and handheld technologies can help.
Listening
practice
Download a media program that has the text of what
is said.
·
Review the text one sentence at a time
and
familiarize yourself with the vocabulary.
(Study the grammar as a separate exercise and focus now on the listening/speech)
familiarize yourself with the vocabulary.
(Study the grammar as a separate exercise and focus now on the listening/speech)
·
Follow a sentence several times while
listening
until you are comfortable with its pronunciation in the context of the sentences.
until you are comfortable with its pronunciation in the context of the sentences.
·
Without looking into the transcript,
repeat the sentence (say it aloud) exactly as you heard it.
Record your best effort and compare.
repeat the sentence (say it aloud) exactly as you heard it.
Record your best effort and compare.
·
Listen to the text in short paragraphs
or chunks.
Look away and try to summarize in your words the content.
Record and listen to your summary for review.
Look away and try to summarize in your words the content.
Record and listen to your summary for review.
·
Listen to the whole conversation or
story without interruption.
Summarize this "whole" and record, listen and compare.
Summarize this "whole" and record, listen and compare.
Speaking
·
Reading silently is not productive:
use your voice! Read aloud: think of it as training your mouth to make the new sounds!
use your voice! Read aloud: think of it as training your mouth to make the new sounds!
·
Drills:
Learn a short standard sentence, then substitute vocabulary, even words you look up for fun.
Subject and verbs can change (I am going; you are going; etc.)
Objects can change (I buy a car; I buy a CD; etc.)
Learn a short standard sentence, then substitute vocabulary, even words you look up for fun.
Subject and verbs can change (I am going; you are going; etc.)
Objects can change (I buy a car; I buy a CD; etc.)
·
In class, if your “answer” does not come
to mind
repeat the question in the language, or use your new language to say that you don’t know, or need help! For this last, prepare a standard response that you can fall back on, but be prepared to respond to a question that follows your response! Stay in the mind set of the language, giving your brain time to work in the new language.
repeat the question in the language, or use your new language to say that you don’t know, or need help! For this last, prepare a standard response that you can fall back on, but be prepared to respond to a question that follows your response! Stay in the mind set of the language, giving your brain time to work in the new language.
Vocabulary
·
Be inventive in acquiring new words
Post note cards around your room to learn and identify what is in the room, refrigerator, computer, car, etc. Speak the list, and if the word has gender, or is singular/plural, make sure you use the article!
Post note cards around your room to learn and identify what is in the room, refrigerator, computer, car, etc. Speak the list, and if the word has gender, or is singular/plural, make sure you use the article!
·
Create a visual thesaurus.
Draw an image of a new vocabulary word
Create a concept map of a word with synonyms, opposites, images, scenes, etc.
Draw an image of a new vocabulary word
Create a concept map of a word with synonyms, opposites, images, scenes, etc.
·
Look up new words
and their definitions in the new language’s dictionary or online, not in language pairs (for example, French-English). Write out the definition.
Add one synonym or antonym.
and their definitions in the new language’s dictionary or online, not in language pairs (for example, French-English). Write out the definition.
Add one synonym or antonym.
·
Memorizing:
acronym, acrostic, rhymes, loci, keywords, image-naming, chaining.
acronym, acrostic, rhymes, loci, keywords, image-naming, chaining.
Reading
·
Do not read word-by-word, or translate
word-by-word.
Prepare yourself for a reading:
study its vocabulary first; review the advance questions.
Then put aside everything and just read, even twice.
Do not look up vocabulary while reading.
Read a phrase or sentence as a thought to get its sense or meaning.
Prepare yourself for a reading:
study its vocabulary first; review the advance questions.
Then put aside everything and just read, even twice.
Do not look up vocabulary while reading.
Read a phrase or sentence as a thought to get its sense or meaning.
·
Do not write in your text book or
reading.
Separately develop a vocabulary list as above.
Separately develop a vocabulary list as above.
·
Go beyond your textbook!
Children’s books are illustrated and easy to read!
Websites are rich opportunities to explore your hobbies in other languages,
and have common vocabulary that gives you a sense of what is written.
(Google advance search will let you enter key words and choose a language for results!)
Children’s books are illustrated and easy to read!
Websites are rich opportunities to explore your hobbies in other languages,
and have common vocabulary that gives you a sense of what is written.
(Google advance search will let you enter key words and choose a language for results!)
·
Read/sing song lyrics of the language!
·
As your skills advance, read novels,
but read for the story, not vocabulary.
Read a chapter, then if you see repetitive vocabulary, look it up and then read again.
As you advance through the novel, you will forget about vocabulary for the most part.
but read for the story, not vocabulary.
Read a chapter, then if you see repetitive vocabulary, look it up and then read again.
As you advance through the novel, you will forget about vocabulary for the most part.
Writing
·
Some languages have unfamiliar alphabets
and ways of writing.
Practice writing these alphabets to both learn correct orthography (correct writing), and vocabulary!
Practice writing these alphabets to both learn correct orthography (correct writing), and vocabulary!
·
Develop
writing assignments with the seven stages in your language
·
Write out sentences you have practiced
orally.
Carefully construct patterns and then write out the sentences with substitute words--multiple times. If you have spell check and the “ auto-correct” grammar feature in your word processing, use it!
Carefully construct patterns and then write out the sentences with substitute words--multiple times. If you have spell check and the “ auto-correct” grammar feature in your word processing, use it!
·
When you get corrections, re-write them.
Correct what you got wrong, even repeating in order to embed it in your mind.
Correct what you got wrong, even repeating in order to embed it in your mind.
Grammar
·
Read a short clear easily understandable
explanation of a grammar rule.
·
Find several examples of the rule
Check whether you have mastered the examples
Check whether you have mastered the examples
·
Create your own examples drawn from your
daily life,
or in conversations you could have with a friend, classmate, or even a family member.
If you know how to categorize the grammar rule, search the Web for more examples in dialogues, essays, stories. Create variations or your own examples.
or in conversations you could have with a friend, classmate, or even a family member.
If you know how to categorize the grammar rule, search the Web for more examples in dialogues, essays, stories. Create variations or your own examples.
Technology
·
Create
flash cards
whether digital or on paper
whether digital or on paper
·
Explore using your iPod, MP3, CD in the
language
in your car, and at moments when you are waiting or walking or biking, etc.
Some studies have even showed results during sleep!
in your car, and at moments when you are waiting or walking or biking, etc.
Some studies have even showed results during sleep!
·
Check out iPhone apps!
 |
| Converse on iPhone |
·
Use the Internet; search for websites.
Play games, read newspapers, look up your hobby, research for other subjects you are studying, etc.
Try this video Top 5 ways to learn foreign language
Play games, read newspapers, look up your hobby, research for other subjects you are studying, etc.
Try this video Top 5 ways to learn foreign language
·
Watch videos and movies in your new
language.
·
Learn the words to popular songs and
sing along!
Environment
·
Immersion!
Think of creating an environment in your room where you can be in contact with your language.
Think of creating an environment in your room where you can be in contact with your language.
·
Visit centers and organizations that
cater to foreign nationals and immigrants
International student centers, neighborhood and education centers, language and bi-lingual associations, national halls, consular offices, library, etc.
International student centers, neighborhood and education centers, language and bi-lingual associations, national halls, consular offices, library, etc.
·
Study daily—develop a foreign language
habit
Think of studying as you would for a sport or music: a series of skills that need practice!
Think of studying as you would for a sport or music: a series of skills that need practice!
·
Don’t miss a class!
And get to know at least one other student to study with.
And get to know at least one other student to study with.
·
Risk! Be fearless in making mistakes,
and getting correction.
Would an athlete object when his or her coach corrected certain moves?
So also learning an instrument needs direction from a popular musician.
This is the role of a teacher or native speaker!
Would an athlete object when his or her coach corrected certain moves?
So also learning an instrument needs direction from a popular musician.
This is the role of a teacher or native speaker!
·
Think of building your skill set
Basics lead to more complicated variations:
for example, use “old” vocabulary to practice new grammar
Basics lead to more complicated variations:
for example, use “old” vocabulary to practice new grammar
·
Study with a friend, in a group,
involving yourself in speaking and listening. Play a game online or in the group in the language
involving yourself in speaking and listening. Play a game online or in the group in the language
·
Relax and enjoy yourself!
Do not worry about what you cannot remember, or cannot yet understand, or cannot yet say. You are learning and improving. The language will gradually become clearer in your brain as new connections are made, but this will happen on a schedule that you cannot control. So sit back and enjoy. Just make sure you spend enough time with the language. That is the greatest guarantee of success.
Do not worry about what you cannot remember, or cannot yet understand, or cannot yet say. You are learning and improving. The language will gradually become clearer in your brain as new connections are made, but this will happen on a schedule that you cannot control. So sit back and enjoy. Just make sure you spend enough time with the language. That is the greatest guarantee of success.
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